What is translocation in relation to Down Syndrome?

What is translocation in relation to Down Syndrome?

• A. Loss of genetic material from chromosome 21
• B. Fusion of chromosome 21 with chromosome 15 or 22
• C. Abnormal replication of chromosome 21
• D. Normal pairing of chromosomes during cell division

Answer: (B)

Translocation in relation to Down Syndrome refers to a situation where there is a fusion of chromosome 21 with another chromosome, commonly chromosome 15 or 22. This genetic mechanism results in the presence of additional genetic material from chromosome 21, leading to the characteristics associated with Down Syndrome. In the case of translocation Down Syndrome, the individual has the typical two copies of chromosome 21, but one of them is attached, or translocated, to another chromosome. This type of genetic change can result in the same clinical presentation of Down Syndrome, even when the total number of chromosomes remains normal at 46, because the critical genes from chromosome 21 that contribute to the condition are still present. The other options describe different genetic occurrences that do not accurately represent the process of translocation. For instance, loss of genetic material from chromosome 21 pertains to deletions, and abnormal replication refers to issues with the DNA copying process that would not specifically generate the translocation seen in Down Syndrome. Lastly, normal pairing of chromosomes during cell division does not pertain to translocation or Down Syndrome as it describes a healthy chromosomal configuration without any structural abnormalities.

Translocation in relation to Down Syndrome refers to a situation where there is a fusion of chromosome 21 with another chromosome, commonly chromosome 15 or 22. This genetic mechanism results in the presence of additional genetic material from chromosome 21, leading to the characteristics associated with Down Syndrome.

In the case of translocation Down Syndrome, the individual has the typical two copies of chromosome 21, but one of them is attached, or translocated, to another chromosome. This type of genetic change can result in the same clinical presentation of Down Syndrome, even when the total number of chromosomes remains normal at 46, because the critical genes from chromosome 21 that contribute to the condition are still present.

The other options describe different genetic occurrences that do not accurately represent the process of translocation. For instance, loss of genetic material from chromosome 21 pertains to deletions, and abnormal replication refers to issues with the DNA copying process that would not specifically generate the translocation seen in Down Syndrome. Lastly, normal pairing of chromosomes during cell division does not pertain to translocation or Down Syndrome as it describes a healthy chromosomal configuration without any structural abnormalities.